Kudler’s Human Resource Information System Case Study Free Essays

Kudler’s Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) System isn't proficient. Kudler uses Intuit which is outstanding amongst other finance handling programming to have. Intuit stores the fundamental data required for finance: individual data, pay rate, charge exclusions, enlist date, rank date and authoritative data. We will compose a custom paper test on Kudler’s Human Resource Information System: Case Study or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Notwithstanding Intuit putting away data, the head supervisor keeps an Excel spreadsheet that presentations work examinations, pay overviews and individual remuneration choices (HRIS System, n.d., para 6). This data is required the reasons for preparing finance accurately and ensuring Kudler is in accordance with the rules given the IRS. So as to change any data inside Intuit, a composed record must be given to the bookkeeping agent. At that point the assistant will physically enter the progressions into the framework. The representative additionally keeps up a paper record with the tax documents for every worker. This document contains all the first structures for the representative information. Workers’ remuneration is overseen by an outsider organization that keeps their own records choices (HRIS System, n.d., para 6). Workers should physically round out timesheets every week. This paper archive is then endorsed by the head supervisor and afterward is faxed to the bookkeeping office choices (HRIS System, n.d., para 6). Any remedies made to the timesheets must be endorsed by the employee’s direct administrator and senior supervisor. The head supervisor has the worker documents for all representatives that work in the store as opposed to having a focal recording zone. These paper records are put away in a bolted file organizer. The reports that are put away in this file organizer comprise of: request for employment/continue, execution surveys, I-9 structures and any disciplinary notices or execution the board issues choices (HRIS System, n.d., para 6). These sorts of records ought not all be contained in one zone by the senior supervisor. All together for a worker to request time off they should talk with their directors verbally. The administrators are then answerable for following for any solicitations since there is no mechanized framework choices (HRIS System, n.d., para 6). In this way, contingent upon the chief directs what of technique they use. Senior supervisors are generally accountable for recruiting new workers with the help of the HR enrollment specialist. At that point after meetings are done and people are recruited, the uses of the ones not employed are put away by the HR office. The HR associates keeps all data about protests, complaints, and so forth secured a document at the HR central station. In evaluating the above data about Kudler their general HRIS is accomplishing more work than would normally be appropriate. As recently expressed Kudler doesn't have any mechanized frameworks to finish any of the work beside Intuit. Kudler is as yet utilizing paper records to store delicate data. Arrangements Kudler will fuse Accero Cyborg Self Service which comprises of three modules: Employee Self-Service, Benefits Self-Service and Manager Self-Service (Empower Employees and Managers with Accero Self Service, n.d., para 2). This item is totally on the web and will significantly diminish the requirement for paper documentation. With the presentation of Accero it will ease a great deal work that the HR division handles (Empower Employees and Managers with Accero Self Service, n.d., para 2). All data that is put away in records on paper will be placed contribution to the framework. This will take into consideration HR to not need to consistently round out administrative work at whatever point there are any progressions inside the office. Worker and Benefits Self-Service will take into consideration representatives to refresh and see their own data (Empower Employees and Managers with Accero Self Service, n.d., para 2). They will likewise have the option to see checks and oversee finance choices. Workers will likewise have the option to see their advantages data and update if vital. Director Self-Service takes into account supervisors to rapidly see representative profiles, access to HR information 24x7x365, get to handbooks and method manuals (Empower Employees and Managers with Accero Self Service, n.d., para 2). Kudler will likewise consolidate another web based enrolling framework call Kenexa 2x BrassRing. The product will permit Kudler to post employments and keep up resumes inside the framework. Candidates will have the option to make a profile and apply to occupations. HR will see the applications submitted and contact the suitable administrator. Administrators will have the option to see the submitted continues also if necessary. On the off chance that the candidate isn't picked, their resume will remain in the framework for as long as 90 days. At that point the candidate should resubmit their resume. To help with the immense progress from paper to online Kudler will likewise consolidate another internet instructional class framework call WebCourse. This will consider all representatives of Kudler to be prepared per the particular office they work in. Reference http://www.webcourse.com/elearning.html Instructions to refer to Kudler’s Human Resource Information System: Case Study, Free Case study tests

Physically Visiting the Markets and Use of Telephone/Mobile Phone

Advertising of Major Fish Species in Bangladesh: A Value Chain Analysis an intensity of fishries industry stacked with more records Physically visiting the business sectors and utilization of phone/cell phone are the regular wellsprings of gathering market data for all worth chain on-screen characters. Individual merchants are additionally a wellspring of market data for the worth chain on-screen characters aside from preparing plants. Handling plant and LC paikers mostly rely upon email/web to get showcase informationMd. Ferdous Alam Research Fellow, Institute of Agricultural and Food Policy Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Md. Salauddin Palash Assistant Professor Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Md. Idris Ali Mian Professor, Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Madan Mohan DeyProfessor, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, USA November 201 2 _____________________________________ A report submitted to Food and Agriculture Organization for the venture entitled A Value-chain Analysis of International Fish Trade and Food Security with an Impact Assessment of the Small-scale Sector Marketing of Major Fish Species in Bangladesh: A Value Chain Analysis Table of Contents Section |Section title |Page | |Glossary of terms |iv | |Abbreviation |v | |Weights, Measures and Conversions |v | |Local and Scientific names of the types of fish considered |v | |Acknowledgements |vi | |Executive Summary |vii | 1 |Introduction †¦ |1 | 2 |Statement of the Problem †¦ |2 | 3 |Methodology †¦ |3 | 4 |Results and Discussion †¦ |5 | 4. 1 |Overview of fish advertising rehearses †¦ |5 | 4. 1 |Buying and selling †¦ |5 | 4. 12 |Grading †¦ |10 | 4. 13 |Storage †¦ |11 | 4. 14 |Transportation †¦ |11 | 4. 15 |Financing †¦ |13 | 4. 6 |Market Information †¦ |15 | 4. 17 |Packaging †¦ |16 | 4. 18 |Pr icing †¦ |17 | |4. 2 |Fish Marketing Channels †¦ |17 | |4. 3 |Characteristics of Market Participants †¦ |21 | |4. 4 |Value expansion costs by various on-screen characters †¦ |23 | |4. | Marketing Margin †¦ |28 | |4. 6 |Distribution of Value Addition Cost and Net Profit †¦ |32 | |4. 7 |Intermediaries Share to Consumers’ Taka †¦ |33 | 5 |Conclusion †¦ |34 | |References †¦ |39 | List of Tables Table |Title of tables |Page | |1 |Distribution of tests from various zones †¦ |5 | |2 |Percent of tilapia fish executed by esteem chain entertainers †¦ |6 | |3 |Percent of Rohu fish executed by esteem chain on-screen characters †¦ |6 | |4 |Percent of Catla fish executed by esteem chain on-screen characters †¦ |7 | |5 |Percent of Pangas fish executed by esteem chain on-screen characters †¦ |8 | |6 |Percent of hilsha fish executed by esteem chain on-screen characters †¦ |8 | |7 |Percent of shrimp executed by esteem c hain on-screen characters †¦ |9 | |8 |Sources of fund of significant carps, pangas, and tilapia fish |14 | |Farmers and middle people †¦ | |9 |Sources of account of hilsha fish Farmers and go-betweens †¦ |14 | |10 |Sources of money of shrimp ranchers and delegates †¦ |15 | |11 |Sources of market data for Farmers and mediators †¦ |15 | |12 |Pricing techniques followed in selling fish in Bangladesh †¦ |17 | |13 |Total advertising cost of various go-betweens associated with significant carps, aches and tilapia showcasing | |†¦ †¦ |24 | |14 |Total promoting cost of various go-betweens engaged with hilsha showcasing | |†¦ †¦ |25 | |15 |Total advertising cost of various go-betweens engaged with shrimp marketing†¦ †¦ | |27 | |15 |Total advertising cost of various go-betweens associated with shrimp showcasing (proceeded) | |†¦ †¦ |27 | |16 |Marketing edge of Aratdar associated with significant carps, aches and tilapia pro moting | |†¦ †¦ |29 | |17 |Marketing edge of Inter-locale Paiker associated with Pangas fish showcasing | |†¦ †¦ |30 | |18 |Marketing edge of Paiker associated with significant carps, pangas and Tilapia showcasing | |†¦ †¦ |30 | |19 |Marketing edge of Retailer engaged with significant carps, pangas and tilapia advertising | |†¦ †¦ 30 | |20 |Average net promoting edge of various go-betweens for significant carps, pangas and tilapia fish | |marketing in Bangladesh †¦ |31 | |21 |Average net promoting edges of various go-betweens engaged with hilsha fish advertising | |†¦ †¦ |31 | |22 |Average net advertising edge of various go-betweens engaged with shrimp showcasing in Bangladesh | |†¦ †¦ |32 | |23 |Percentage dissemination of significant worth expansion cost and benefit by go-betweens and fish showcasing system| | |†¦ †¦ |33 | |24 |Share of go-betweens to in consumer’s Taka as per circulation channel â⠂¬ ¦ | |†¦ †¦ |34 | List of Figures Figure |Title of figures |Page | |1 |Mode of transport utilized by ranchers and go-betweens for development of significant carps, aches and tilapia | |†¦ †¦ |11 | |2 |Mode of transport utilized by ranchers and go-betweens for development of Shrimp †¦ | |†¦ †¦ |12 | |3 |Mode of transport utilized by ranchers and go-betweens for development of Hilsha †¦ | |†¦ †¦ |13 | |4 |Value chains of significant carps, aches and tilapia | |in Bangladesh †¦ |18 | |5 |Value chains of hilsha in Bangladesh †¦ |19 | |6 |Value chains of shrimp in Bangladesh †¦ |20 | |7 |Components of expenses for carps, aches and tilapia †¦ |26 | |8 |Components of expenses for Hilsha †¦ |26 | |9 |Components of expenses for Shrimp †¦ |26 | List of Boxes Box |Title of Boxes |Page | |1 |Grading practices of various types of fishes †¦ |10 | |2 |Packaging practices of fish showcasing in Bangladesh †¦ |16 | Glossary of Terms |Arat |Generally an office, a store, or a stockroom in a commercial center from which an Aratdar conducts his | |business | |Aratdar |Main on-screen character in the fish conveyance system.An Aratdar organizes or arranges deals for the merchants | |on a commission premise. He frequently goes about as a distributer. He is additionally a primary supplier of fisheries credit | |to the fishers | |Paiker/Bepari |A Paiker is a broker in the fish showcasing chain; regularly covers the get together capacity in the chain,| | |acting as Dadandar simultaneously; contingent upon the area some of the time likewise alluded to as | |wholesaler or retailer. They are additionally called Bepari |Nikari |A Nikari is a witness mediator who doesn't have the responsibility for yet sets an extension between | |buyers and merchants and get commission from Farmers and fishers | |Faria |Farias are middle people generally working in the hilsha showcasing process who buys little | |quan tity of fish from anglers far away from the market and convey it to the terminal point and sell | |it to Aratdar or retailer | |LC Paiker |These delegates buy hilsha fish from anglers through Aratdar and fare to abroad | |market. They are approved LC (Letter of Credit) holder to trade. | |Account Holder |They are middle person and work in the shrimp flexibly chain. They go about as the commission operator and | |constitute the significant benefit making entertainer in the shrimp esteem chain. Record Holders are very powerful| | |as they are the gathering who gracefully shrimp to the preparing plants. Handling plants are made to purchase | |shrimp from the Account holders as it were. |Dadan |This is a sort of advance given to the anglers by Aratdars and mohajans (customary cash loan specialists) | |on condition that fish are required to be offered to them mandatorily. At times costs are | |predet

How to Start an Essay About Yourself

How to Start an Essay About Yourself Creating an essay about yourself is a tough task, no matter if you are making it for school or for the admission committee at college. When it comes to this kind of essay, you have to take many aspects into account. The most important aspect for the reader will be details, from which you build your story based on personal experience. To learn more about how to start an essay about yourself, continue reading the article. How to define an essay about yourself? As you have already understood, this kind of essay is all about your personality. In this paper you reveal your individuality, purposes and values. As you have to transform an autobiography into an essay, you should first think of the major point of the work in order to constrict your subject. This major thought must be shown in the thesis statement, which defines what you are going to add to the paper. Also, in this type of work you may make a self-analysis, for which you have to be critical and honest about yourself. Developing ideas for an essay Although your tutor may have given a specific topic for the paper, making up an idea might be hard. If you want to make a memorable work, you have to include the experience that no one has had. There are things like marriage and birth of children that are truly significant experience in a person’s life but a lot of people live through these things and this might be not a great idea for the paper. Instead, consider some difficulties in your life that you had to overcome to achieve something and transform it into an essay. Make a sample introduction essay about yourself in order to understand how you can develop this idea. Starting the paper Generally, your task is to write about your life story, or leastways about a significant experience you have gone through, so think of the paper as if it was a story. There are some facts that are definitely not good for beginning of the paper, such as telling your name, or the date of birth. It is quite simple to guess why they are not the best choice they are not catchy in terms of reader attention! It is the kind of information that readers might already know about you. Besides, these facts sound like clichés that readers possibly have heard many times. The best ways to start an essay about yourself include writing something original and unexpected, or you may start with a bright moment from your life and connect it with your work. If you want to write about some people that influenced your life greatly and do not know how to do it in order not to offense them somehow, remember that it is normal to change names and details in honor of them. The thing you should remember when you are writing autobiographical essay is that it presupposes a creative approach. Even if the paper is truthful, that does not mean you can not introduce original frame of mind.

Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex - Functions and Definition

The Mystery Of Detective Fiction - 1648 Words

Detective Fiction exists as one of the most popular fiction genres of all-time. Detective fiction uses facts and other details to solve a mystery which surrounds a perplexing murder in a novel. Many people gain excitement over a challenge or a test of knowledge when solving a puzzle. A puzzle may baffle or confuse the puzzler; therefore, the puzzler likes to solve the puzzle before the ending. People enjoy the experience of sheer satisfaction of solving a mystery before ending the literary work. Curiosity describes itself as â€Å"the desire to learn or know about anything; inquisitiveness† (Dictionary). Curiosity somehow leads people on the path to try to solve a mystery or a puzzle. It remains a question of why people desire to solve a puzzle. Maybe their inquisitive mind drives them to solve the puzzle or a mystery. Often after the reader finishes reading a detective novel and solving the mystery before the reveal of the murderer, they find this satisfying to the ir curiosity. Thus they begin to continue reading more mystery fictional novels. The birth of detective fiction surfaced around the â€Å"19th century† (Gaines). â€Å"The Moonstone† novel considered the first detective novel written (Sahni). The novel created by Wilkie Collins established the ground rules for detective novels. Before the detective fiction surfaced, many novels conveyed the murderer as the innocent one, instead of the victim as the innocent one. These works of fiction, unfortunately did notShow MoreRelatedThe Golden Age1566 Words   |  6 PagesGolden Age of detective fiction refers to both specific sub-genre and (the cozy) and the historical period (the interwar years)  (James, 2009). It is loosely defined as a soft-boiled detective fiction released between the two wars (World War 1 and World War 2). The Golden age of detective fiction was arguably caused by the interwar period  (James, 2009). This paper seeks to discuss, with references to the fictions of Agatha Christie and other canonical Golden Age texts, why the Detection fiction of the interwarRead MoreThe Mystery Of Mystery Stories1349 Words   |  6 PagesMystery as a literary genre finds its roots in the writings of the 19th century. During this century great writers of the literary fiction utilises their brilliance to lay the foundations of various aspects of the mystery writing. Many fictional characters who were born in the 19th century,are still the most famous personalities of today s fiction. It s interesting to note that US President Abraham Lincoln also wrote a mystery story in the 19th century, based on a real case once he defended(1)Read MoreCompare The Speckled Band, The Red Headed League and Silver Blaze as Examples of Detective Fiction1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe birth of classic detective fiction was originated just in the mid nineteenth century, and was producing its own genre. 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Hard-Boiled fiction is considered one of the more popular sub-genres of detective fiction; there have been numerous films and novels about urban detectives exposing corruptionRead MoreThe Comic Stumptown By Greg Rucka And Matthew Southworth And The Retro Audio Podcast Nick Carter Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages The comic Stumptown by Greg Rucka and Matthew Southworth and the retro audio podcast Nick Carter: Master Detective starring Lon Clack portray the different roles of women in detective fiction. Nick Carter was on the radio from 1943 to 1955, and represents more traditional roles for gender. Over the 125 episodes, the radio show followed detective Nick Carter and his female assistant, Patsy on different crime scene investigations. Carter was also able to solve seemingly impossible crimes by lookingRead MoreThe Postman Always Rings Twice By Dashiell Hammett And The Maltese Falcon As A Hard Boiled Story950 Words   |  4 PagesMajor Works The following list is a great start for those who want to read the classic hard-boiled stories that have defined what is meant by a hard boiled fiction. The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett. The Postman Always Rings Twice by James M Cain. It caused a scandal with its explosive mix of violence and sex. The torrid story of Frank Chambers, the amoral drifter, Cora, the sullen and brooding wife, and Nick Papadakis, the amiable but inconvenient husband, has become a classic of its kindRead MoreThe Golden Age of Detective Fiction1045 Words   |  4 Pages   Golden Age of detective fiction involved the genre apex that embodied different relevant elements that made a form appealing. It involves the collection of the created atmosphere in novels, the complex solved puzzle. The puzzle was solved by sheer with or with no modern forensic science help and the nostalgia that provoked the people to continue reading the novel. Even as authors like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Edgar Allan Poe gave birth to the modern story of detection, the Golden age authors

Milburn High School Hazing- Argumentative Free Essays

For the last ten to fifteen years, the first day of school at Millburn High School has hosted an event that continues today. Every year, the â€Å"popular† seniors send out a â€Å"slut list†, slap stickers on student’s backs, blow whistles in faces, and shove students into lockers. The victims of these activities are usually the â€Å"popular† incoming freshmen. We will write a custom essay sample on Milburn High School Hazing- Argumentative or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 2010, the event gained media attention and the administration has done their best to discontinue this tradition.The administration at Millburn High School will not be able to stop the first day of school activities, and, therefore, should not be involved. The amount of students that participate and the fact that no one will speak up will make it extremely difficult for anyone to stop this tradition. The most influential factor is that there are so many students that participate. This year there was â€Å"†¦the distribution of a ‘slut list,’ including vulgar descriptions of more than 20 freshmen. † (5) Consequently, for every freshmen involved there is at least one senior that is also involved. The number of people that participate makes it virtually impossible for any administrative action to stop the happenings at Millburn High School. The administration would have to discipline a huge clique each year in the senior class. In concerning the â€Å"slut list†, â€Å"When a kid says, ‘I just found it on the floor and picked it up,’ it becomes a little bit messier. † (2) The difficulty of targeting each individual who participates should only further discourage any administrative involvement. Furthermore, the fact that no one is willing to speak up causes a serious problem. We spoke to at least a dozen freshmen and half a dozen seniors, and not one person wanted to really give any names†¦none of the 150 faculty members reported seeing any hazing incidents this year†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3) This is very hard to believe considering the amount of students participating and the trouble they supposedly cause. It is simply not possible that no one witnessed any sort of â€Å"hazing†. This could be a result of fear or they do not wish to stop the events, along with freshmen who are even on the list.How can an administration discipline students if they do not have any evidence that they did anything wrong? â€Å"There’s very little we can really do if a student doesn’t come to us and say this is what happened. † (2) It just simply is not possible. No only is it an insurmountable task to stop the first day events, but staff should not try to stop the events in the first place. A graduate herself even stated â€Å"I knew that it was a harmless tradition †¦while there really is no reason for seniors to feel the need to exert their power over incoming students, it is HARMLESS. (6) Therefore, it should not be considered hazing. â€Å"There have been no reports of injuries requiring medical attention†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2) Yet, in many other high schools incoming freshmen are physically abused and publicly humiliated, which should be classified as hazing. A dumb list and being shoved into lockers or whistles blown in faces should not. No, true hazing is much, much worse. The administration should only be responsible for keeping the events under control; however, not eliminating the tradition all together.In conclusion, the Millburn High School â€Å"hazing†, which has been happening for ten to fifteen years now, has been blown way out of proportion. â€Å"†¦they’re taking stuff and twisting it†¦really it’s all fun. † (1) The administration of the school will not be able to stop the events due to the amount of people involved and the fact that no one will speak up. They should not try to stop it, just control it. The freshmen of 2010 should be able to continue the tradition when they are the seniors of 2014. It is simply a harmless tradition that should just be left alone. How to cite Milburn High School Hazing- Argumentative, Papers

Walden Chapter 7 Essay Example For Students

Walden Chapter 7 Essay 3/28/04English 11 HPeriod 1In this chapter, Thoreau mainly describes his planting and harvesting of his bean plants. However, the larger theme he is trying to convey is one of acceptance of the way life turns out, even if its undesirable. He explains that the farmer should not worry if some of his crops wither or are eaten by animals. These things are always inevitable so the farmer should relax and cease from anxiety (133). Nature looks upon our lives and our endeavors without any discrimination or special preference. The wellbeing of every other single organism is just as important a priority as those of human beings. Thus, the beans grow for woodchucks partly according to natural law and Thoreau really has no control over this. It is best to simply do your labors and let fate carry out its course even if its unwelcome This chapter reminds me of the argument for determinism, or that a persons life is already determined by outside forces such as fate. Thoreau argues that no matter w hat the farmer does, part of his crop will be lost anyway, and he should be resigned to this fact. Thus, this reflects the determinist ideas that humans have little to no control over their lives. This idea is almost like the naturalistic views of Stephen Crane, my author for the author study, except with a positive spin. Crane believed that a person is life is dominated by social and economic factors that will eventually break and destroy him. While Thoreau believes in the inability to have total control over our lives, he does not have the same negativity as Crane in thinking that failure is the ultimate destination in the journey of life. We will write a custom essay on Walden Chapter 7 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Free Essays on Amendments To The Constitution

Kathleen Sullivan writes about the recent increase in proposed amendments to the United States’ Constitution and how this could possibly be detrimental to our government in the future. She begins by mentioning how little the constitution has been amended in its history (only 27 times). This, she writes, is due to the level of difficulty that is attributed to this process. Using a system of checks and balances, there are only two ways to ratify an amendment. Either both houses of Congress must agree by a vote of two-thirds or two-thirds of the states may request a constitutional convention. Even after these processes are achieved, three fourths of the states must vote to ratify before the amendment is passed. According to Sullivan, it is this process that has preserved our Constitution’s â€Å"purity† and our government’s time tested way of enacting and maintaining laws. Obviously believing that frequent ratification of new amendments is a threat to o ur system, she gives us five reasons why our Constitution works as it exists today. The first reason Sullivan gives for the Constitution’s continuing success is its stability. By this she means that we can rely on it being unchanging because it has been for over 200 years. Laws may change according to era and popularity but the basic principles set forth by our forefathers are still in tact. Secondly, she mentions the rule of law. Basically, the Constitution was set forth to be a base on which to build a government. It was not meant to be specific. That task was to be left to individual state constitutions. Sullivan also writes that the Constitution was written as a whole document. How things worked together was important. Adding amendments in a â€Å"piecemeal† fashion undermines the basic principles set forth. One example given is the amendment proposed to ban flag desecration. By banning protest (flag burning) it is inhibiting freedom of speech. The fourth an... Free Essays on Amendments To The Constitution Free Essays on Amendments To The Constitution Kathleen Sullivan writes about the recent increase in proposed amendments to the United States’ Constitution and how this could possibly be detrimental to our government in the future. She begins by mentioning how little the constitution has been amended in its history (only 27 times). This, she writes, is due to the level of difficulty that is attributed to this process. Using a system of checks and balances, there are only two ways to ratify an amendment. Either both houses of Congress must agree by a vote of two-thirds or two-thirds of the states may request a constitutional convention. Even after these processes are achieved, three fourths of the states must vote to ratify before the amendment is passed. According to Sullivan, it is this process that has preserved our Constitution’s â€Å"purity† and our government’s time tested way of enacting and maintaining laws. Obviously believing that frequent ratification of new amendments is a threat to o ur system, she gives us five reasons why our Constitution works as it exists today. The first reason Sullivan gives for the Constitution’s continuing success is its stability. By this she means that we can rely on it being unchanging because it has been for over 200 years. Laws may change according to era and popularity but the basic principles set forth by our forefathers are still in tact. Secondly, she mentions the rule of law. Basically, the Constitution was set forth to be a base on which to build a government. It was not meant to be specific. That task was to be left to individual state constitutions. Sullivan also writes that the Constitution was written as a whole document. How things worked together was important. Adding amendments in a â€Å"piecemeal† fashion undermines the basic principles set forth. One example given is the amendment proposed to ban flag desecration. By banning protest (flag burning) it is inhibiting freedom of speech. The fourth an...

Compound Words Dont Always Compare

Compound Words Dont Always Compare Compound Words Don’t Always Compare Compound Words Don’t Always Compare By Mark Nichol When it comes to linking words to form new words, English is a particularly mischievous language. Different compound words with an element word in common, or pairs of words analogous to each other, may be inconsistent about the presence or absence of a letter space or a hyphen when you see them listed in the dictionary and other resources. That goes especially for directional duos. Keep a sharp lookout for these spacing shenanigans: Front and Back For some perverse reason, a few common compounds that include front, and their back correspondents, are treated differently: â€Å"front door,† backdoor (but only as an adjective); â€Å"front seat,† backseat; â€Å"front yard,† backyard. How could this have happened? Perhaps its the ubiquity of other closed compounds beginning with back (such as backache, background, and backlash) compared to the absence of front-loaded analogues. Speaking of front-load, compounds beginning with front, such as that word and â€Å"front man,† are invariably open or hyphenated, and if they have back counterparts (you can back-load, but no one refers to a back man), those are also open or hyphenated. Another contributing factor may be that back constructions are idiomatically richer: â€Å"backdoor man,† â€Å"backseat driver,† and â€Å"backyard grill† have given compounds beginning with back a higher profile, so it’s likely they tend to evolve from open to closed compounds with greater alacrity becoming front-runners, as it were. In and Out After studying compounds beginning with in, I’m done in. Adjectival forms, whether tangible (in-flight) or intangible (in-depth), are often hyphenated, but so are many noun forms, such as in-group and in-joke. Meanwhile, most hyphenated terms beginning with out are obscure, like the fiscal term out-year, or as with out-migrate (â€Å"emigrate†). Exceptions include out-front, meaning â€Å"honest,† and out-there, meaning â€Å"unusual.† Fortunately, the most common usages are inbounds (though the antonym for that word is not outbounds, but â€Å"out of bounds†). Indoor and outdoor, inward and outward, inset and outset (though that last pair do not have antonymic meanings) don’t try to outfox or outbox us. But speaking of outbox, why, in clerical contexts, is it in-box and out-box, not inbox and outbox? This reasoning is a stretch: Though you can’t inbox someone, you can outbox them, so that form’s already taken. I’m satisfied to see the clerical terms remain hyphenated, while the pugilistic outbox is closed. Up and Down Why do you show up for a showdown? In this case, one is a verb phrase and the other is a noun. But compound nouns ending with up are usually closed (buildup, markup, windup). An exception for closure is close-up (meaning â€Å"a proximal view,† not â€Å"to lock a store for the night,† which would be hyphenated only before a noun: â€Å"He carefully followed the close-up procedure†). That’s because it follows the rule that words ending with vowels are generally hyphenated to others, rather than, well, closed up. Adjectival compounds beginning with up (such as up-country and up-tempo) and down (generally, more obscure than their up counterparts, like down-home) tend to be hyphenated. However, up nouns are usually closed (upshot, downfall). Though open or hyphenated up equivalents are almost nonexistent, down compounds can be open (the card-playing term â€Å"down card†) or hyphenated (the music term down-bow) as well. What’s the take-away (not to be confused with take-in)? Keep your dictionary handy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?Prepositions to Die With

Martin luther king jr Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martin luther king jr - Research Paper Example Martin Luther King Jr. was born in January 15, 1929. His grandfather served Baptist Church in Atlanta from 1914 to 1931. After the death of his father, he served at the church as a co-pastor. At the age of 18, King became a Baptist minister. After completing his graduation in 1948 from Morehouse College, he attained his PhD degree from Boston University in systematic theology. King then served Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery as a pastor in 1954. King was also nominated as a member of the executive committee of the National Association. It was one of the major organizations who was working for the rights and advancement of Black people. One of the initial civil rights actions of Martin Luther King was when he led the Bus Boycott. A lady Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man which resulted in this Boycott. King was leading the blacks in this Boycott, which was against the segregation in buses for black and white and it lasted over a year. Martin had to pay a lot for leading this Boycott as his house was bombed and he was jailed too but his efforts worked finally. He came out of the jail and the discrimination in the buses came to an end. Martin Luther King, in 1963, also organized a March consisting off 250,000 people. The aim of the march was to protest against discrimination in schools, employments etc. During this march, he delivered a famous speech titled as "I have a Dream". This resulted in a great achievement when, in 1964, a civil rights act was passed. He also made a major contribution in writing by becoming the author of five books. For his restless contribution against African-Americans segregation, King was awarded with noble prize only at the young age of thirty. He further proved himself to be a leader devoted to his objectives when he announced to donate the prize money for civil rights movement. He was

See attachment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See attachment - Research Paper Example The quintessence of a modern man is presented by the poet while describing the loneliness and the hesitancy of the urban denizen, Prufrock. The apprehensions of a solitary man amidst the modern society are visible in the thoughts of Alfred Prufrock. Alfred intends to express his love but the thoughts of the modern society are so disconcerting for him, so much it prevents him from doing so. â€Å"Do I dare Disturb the universe?† (Eliot, lines 44-45). These words by Prufrock reveal his fears, when he compares his social circle with the universe. For him, disturbing the society with which he is not acquainted well is equal to disquieting the universe. How the society will react to his expression of love? This query is forestalling him from taking a firm decision. Another aspect that is perturbing him is his looks. He is worried by his appearance, according to which the modern society judges a person. â€Å"He becomes self- conscious of his appearance; his baldness and his lean frame.† (Matheikal 122). That is, he is under the impression or opinion that due to baldness and thin hands as well as legs, people wo uld not take him seriously and with attention. â€Å"With a bald spot in the middle of my hair—[They will say: "How his hair is growing thin!"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦They will say: "But how his arms and legs are thin!"]†. (Eliot, Lines 39-43)†. Thus, the modern man is more concerned about how the society perceives him physically, rather than his own views. Prufrock also behaves in the manner, expected from him by the society, without bringing out his own views. He is leading his life according to the expectations of the society. In an attempt to please the society, the modern man has become more apprehensive about his outward appearances rather than his true self. Prufrock also envisages himself through the opinion of the society, which is superficial, and in the process suppressing his identity. In the poem, the urban residents are so engrossed

Eating Disorder Among American Teenage Girls

Eating Disorder Among American Teenage Girls Research question: To what extent has the modern media had an impact on the development of eating disorders among teenage American girls. Every society has a way of torturing its women, whether by binding their feet or by sticking them into whalebone corsets. What contemporary American culture has come up with is designer jeans. -Joel Yager, M.D. ABSTRACT The problem with eating disorders is that it is impossible to find the root cause of them; this essay focuses on the modern medias influence and the extent of it in regards to the spread of these disorders among teenage girls, in American society. I begin this investigation by defining eating disorders as a psychological disorder, after which I analyze the difficulties associated with discovering the causes. I focus on the two commonly known eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia. This essay analyses the most significant aspects of the modern media, and examines in detail the different types of it, including magazines, television and the Internet, as well as books. To be able to support the data located in this investigation I conducted a survey, where I interviewed 170 teenage girls, to deduce what causes them to diet in the first place. I conclude this essay by showing that despite the influence the modern media has on eating disorders, it is not the source of the information, but is simply used as a process to spread information. Because of this it is hard to solely blame the media for eating disorders, which also means that people may overestimate the effect that media alone has on these disorders. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 5 ROLE OF MODERN MEDIA IN SOCIETY THROUGHOUT HISTORY 6 TYPES OF MODERN MEDIA AND WAYS THAT THEY HAVE INFLUENCED 7 THE SPREAD OF EATING DISORDERS OTHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT EATING DISORDERS 10 ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM SURVEY 13 CONCLUSION 14 APPENDIX 16 BIBLOGRAPHY 18 INTRODUCTION The definition of an eating disorder according to an encyclopedia states that it is a group of psychological ailments characterized by intense fear of becoming obese, distorted body image, and prolonged food refusal and/or binge eating followed by purging through induced vomiting, heavy exercise, or use of laxatives.  [1]  From that definition an eating disorder can be categorized as a psychological disorder, which is strictly speaking common knowledge. The truth is that these disorders have become epidemic among teenagers, especially teenage girls. This has led me to focus on this particular segment, as well as to discover the medias position in this increasing problem, as the media is often accused of being the main cause of these disorders, and some would go so far as to say, the source of this disease. It is no surprise that the promotion of excessive thinness as an ideal body image, as a healthy lifestyle and as one of only ways to be happy, is bombarded at todays youth. But even though we are constantly attacked with vicious advertising campaigns to lose weight Americans health has reached a point of crisis. According to the American Obesity Association, 65% of adults and 30% of children are overweight, and 30% of adults and 15% of children meet the criteria for obesity.  [2]  Whether society likes it or not, the problem of eating disorders has get out of control over the last few decades, a sufficient amount is now consider as a social problem. This is very bad news, especially when you think that these diseases are already starting to affect girls who are still attending elementary schools, this is because they start dieting, purging or starving themselves in order to look thinner, the truly horrifying part is that these girls are not even teenagers yet. There are clear connections between eating disorders and the medias influence on it, but this is no surprise as the media already influences almost every aspect of our lives. Regardless of its i nfluences, in this essay I shall focus on another aspect of the matter, in other words to what extent is the modern media actually responsible for creating this disorder; and what else could be responsible, even if only partially, for its spread. ROLE OF MODERN MEDIA IN SOCIETY THROUGHOUT HISTORY It is not a secret that the modern media has an enormous influence on our lives and how we perceive things in our everyday life. Due to the colossal expansion of technology, information has the ability to travel from one part of the world to another in a split second. Television shows, radio stations, and the entire Internet surrounds us, everywhere we go. And this process does not seem to be slowing down or even attempt to decelerate. Now almost every teenager in America is in possession of a mobile phone, which has to have access to radio stations and Internet sites. They are immediately informed of what is new, what is or is not fashionable, what they should perceive as right or wrong, and what kind of opinions are vital to have. Even though some people still feel that they are in control over their own opinions, they are sadly mistaken, as it is virtually impossible to live in a modern world and not be affected by the media. The process is exactly the same in relation to what has happened to the perception of the body image; the modern media have created an idea of how the perfect body should look like. Perfection is the constant point the media use when showing the public a skeleton covered with a thin layer of skin. They bombard them with these images, and the group of people in American society, who are affected the most and extremely suffer because of this, are girls that are already self conscious and are at a particularly gullible age. They are led to believe that in order to be accepted by society, whether it is at school or in any other social group, girls need to meet the requirements of certain image. The media is an important and day to day aspect of the American culture; it could even be classed as an ever growing subculture that has been increasing drastically in size over past couple of decades.  [3]   TYPES OF MODERN MEDIA AND WAYS THAT THEY HAVE INFLUENCED THE SPREAD OF EATING DISORDERS I have decided to discuss the ways modern media accesses the minds of American teenage girls to influence them. After taking all of the various types of media into account, I decided to limit myself to a few ways in terms of importance, my choices include fanzines, fashion magazines, advertisements, movies, and, probably the most important and influential of all, the internet, which is fastest and the most effective in the global transfer of information.  [4]   I began by mentioning magazines; I was referring specifically to magazines that target women and girls. In these magazines it is more than likely that in every issue it is possible for one to find at least one if not many more articles about how to stay fit, how to loose few more pounds, advice regarding dieting, or even starving oneself. Most of these so called tips will not only get in the way of you loosing weight and achieving your goal, but in some cases these tips may actually be a danger to a persons health, as this advice is not recommended by doctors, but by journalists. Young girls do not realize how dangerous this advice may be, or even that it simply does not work. Because of this they become extremely unforgiving towards themselves and diet even more, and when that does not work they begin throwing up or give up eating altogether, hoping it will make the process work a little faster. This is how most of these disorders start. But this is not the only thing that forces th ese girls to consider that their beauty is not good enough for them and immediately should be changed.  [5]  These girls reevaluate their definition of beauty, because they are bombarded with images of the perfect being, starting from the beautiful and supper skinny princesses from fairytales to the photos of modern day princesses, in other words celebrities and models. These celebrities and models are shown to look wonderful in their clothes and look much better then a regular everyday person would, but naturally the magazines fail to mention that the clothes are sown especially to fit the models perfectly, and that all photo sessions are edited so that even the smallest flaws are removed. Unfortunately their prey, the young gullible teenage girls, would not even consider any of this. As the process of photo editing (Photoshop) is an inseparable part of media I consider it an important tool of manipulation. Another way to spread the image of a very unhealthy body to a wider audience is through the use of commercials. These commercials subconsciously tell us we are too fat, as almost all models in them are a size 6 or less, even when advertising something as average as toothpaste or as obviously unhealthy as McDonalds. Commercials may not be the direct cause of the insecurities faced by todays youth, and they most likely do not even realize the extent of the damage they cause as a constant reminder of the body image.  [6]  Other ways that television can cause teenagers to become more self-conscious include TV shows, or movies that show girls played by actresses, who have even been known to faint, whilst filming, due to malnutrition. For instance popular TV shows focused at teenagers, which in theory should illustrate the lives of teenagers, like 90210 or Gossip Girl, have the main cast acted by adults; therefore girls from 14 to 18 are played by 24 to 28 years old actresses, which gi ves a completely unacceptable image of a young and still developing girls body. Moreover as these actresses are terribly skinny, this causes complexes among teenagers that are trying to imitate their role models, and, among other things, look exactly like they do.  [7]   As I mentioned, the most important and the most dangerous, of all the types of modern media, is the Internet. One may ask the question: what is so horrifying about Internet? The answer is more complicated than most would actually think. The main problem with the Internet is that the flow of information is entirely unmonitored and too vast for anyone to control it even if they wanted to. This means that shocking websites can be created, that contain information on exactly how to be an anorexic, for example. Despite the information being widely available, it would be highly unlikely for one to find such advice in a magazine, as they may be sued for endangering readers lives. It is very hard to sue a website, most often because it is impossible to find its publisher. Web logs (also known as blogs) belonging to American teenage girls have in recent times been created in order to support either anorexia (known as pro-ana) or bulimia (pro-mia). This is something that I found worrying, as w ell as distasteful, not to mention the extremely questionable ethically. These websites contain information such as how to stay thin, what toothpaste covers the smell of vomit best, or that if you swallow cotton wool soaked in orange juice, you will not be hungry for hours and as an added bonus it does not contain any calories, which helps the young girls with these disorders in achieving their sick goals. Such pages also include an entire collection of photos, of literally starved girls, with comments underneath them with high regards, and by reading that you can feel jealousy and evident desire to look like them. These girls show, through these actions, that they are willing to lay down their life for this perfect figure, because as the saying goes no pain, no gain. Some of the advice on these websites is nonsense or a cruel practical joke, but the majority of it can lead to frightful consequences, including stomach ulcers, loss of hair and teeth, and as you might expect death. T here are a variety of ways and means by which these girls undertake the challenge to have a perfect body image. Of course not all of these girls have in fact anorexia or bulimia, but despite that, more often these damages they have caused on their own bodies are irreversible. This means that they have damaged their bodies for ever and will probably always have trouble with maintaining a constant weight. And what is a worst, constant improvement and breakthroughs in technology have meant that now everything can be located in the Internet, including the types of media mentioned. And from what it seems no one is able to prohibit this constant death promotion.  [8]   OTHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT EATING DISORDERS Even though the modern media seem to be responsible for the unrelenting spread of eating disorders, mainly due to the materials released for young girls to find everywhere, they are not the only explanation for the increasing sprawl of these disorders. The American society is exposing its youth through a very many different factors that may possibly exasperate the situation further. As times have changed, children have become more interested in spending all their free time in front of computers or televisions, instead of playing outdoors with their friends. Apart from the changes in their interests, children, now, see only one practical way form of nutrition, which is empty, sugar filled food. Due to these changes in lifestyle it is more than likely that the problem of obesity will occur, which, through the process of a chain reaction, will cause a lack of acceptance among society. This will lead, after a certain amount of time, to certain individuals making irresponsible decisions about dieting, exercising or even undertaking more drastic steps, such as taking diet pills. But this is only a logical succession, due to the reaction of certain lifestyle that most of teenage girls are among. A problem with this logic is that people do not always act rationally, which is why this is only a theory. Another factor that is strongly connected with the spread of eating disorders in teenage girls, and that may be contrary to expectations, are toy manufacturers. Despite their importance in the body image, they are not as closely connected with modern media as would be expected. Toy manufacturers set extremely high expectations on the way women should look by developing and marketing the Barbie doll, whose measurements are physiologically impossible  [9]  . Fortunately, the Barbie dolls figure was slightly altered by its designers in the late 1990s, into a body image that is somewhat more realistic, but still unlikely to occur naturally. Now with increased availability of plastic surgery, todays women are faced with similarly unrealistic expectations every time they open a fashion magazine1. Perhaps the most surprising of all is the next factor, which is a whole assortment of books that are meant to show girls that eating disorder is a problem. But these books ultimately end up giving girls hints on how to avoid eating, how to cover up their problems, including not being seen with food, vomiting. This is achieved by real life stories that explain in vivid detail the ordeal that sufferers have faced. Until now books have been considered to be the least likely to have a negative impact on girls and causing eating disorders, considering the lack of pictures. But nowadays even if a book is created to help and give hope to girls who were unfortunate enough to be touched by anorexia nervosa or bulimia, unconsciously the author of book gives advice on how to be anorectic, by describing the ways in which they can starve, or purge themselves so nobody will notice their problem. Despite being gullible, young girls have picked up on this and use these books for dietary advice.  [10]   One more factor that is present nowadays and is considered one of the most influential causes of eating disorders, and which is really hard to change is the fashion industry and sizes that they constantly promote. The most common problem with this as being a factor is it influences eating disorder by promoting the size zero clothing, which is widely spread among girls and is the only size they aim to achieve. All of this begs the question: how did we allow it to escalate to such an extent, to let it get to this point? It began with fashion designers who would only hire the skinniest girls around, so girls started to become thinner and thinner to reach their dreams, which led to certain image being created of what is fashionable. This situation is complicated because nobody in the industry is willing to admit fault, not the designers and not the modeling agencies, which it ultimately is. Size zero clothing is actually too small for most of the girls who work in modeling, therefore these women promote a figure that is not only unattainable for most women, but is also unattainable for them. Despite the fact that the fashion industry is impervious to almost everything, once editors began protesting, the fashion industry finally needed to respond, by employing bigger women, who are still extremely skinny.  [11]   The root causes of these diseases are quite complicated and almost impossible to deduce, mainly due to the many existing theories on the subject, each one based on another aspect of these disorders. A major role is played here by human psyche. As I have mentioned in introduction anorexia and bulimia are both psychological illnesses, which affects young girls in America. It is very difficult to draw a line that separates between a reasonable concern for a shapely figure, which is indeed affected by all factors above, and between weight loss associated with an eating disorder. It has been suggested that dieting takes the form of a disease from the moment from which the person loses control over their behaviors associated with the intake of food and the discharge of unnecessary food. People with anorexia nervosa and bulimia are characterized by a large discrepancy between what they feel and what they do. If these diseases, as stated, are in fact psychological and they start with the los s of control over ones own body the problem must be pre-existing, before all the influences of the modern media or society begin to affect these girls with their unhealthy or too healthy lifestyle, fashionable and simply unreal body image. Anorexia and bulimia are classified as a serious mental illness and should in no case, should it occur, be underestimated. Not every thin person should be suspected of anorexia and not every girl with anorexia is terribly thin. For this reason one should not judge another persons state of mind solely on their body weight. Although in such cases, when a person insists on dieting, despite their skeletal appearance, their self-destructive behavior is closely related to the appearance of their bodies. Due to the dangerous effects of these disorders, many psychiatrists have started to compare anorexia to other dangerous psychological disorders, which have the same problems of perceiving reality. Suffers from anorexia nervosa are characterized by an extreme perfectionism, these people are very systematic and critical of themselves, despite their accomplishments, and also suffers try to do physical activities as often as is possible.  [12]  They often drop out of friendships, become neu rotic and often complain, their self-esteem is very low, and they sink deeper and deeper into depression. Some of the girls that were able to overcome their disorder are proud and relieved that they have finally gained control over their own bodies.  [13]   ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM SURVEY Throughout whole essay I have tried to discover whether the modern media are actually responsible for girls, in American society, who suffer from eating disorder; of course there will be as many opinions as there are people. Because of these differences in opinion I decided to survey a number of girls, in order to find out what is the real reason for their dieting. It turned out that most of the interviewed teenagers are convinced that they are simply too fat, which clearly shows a correlation between this problem and its connection to their self- esteem. The modern media are partly at fault, as a result of the incessant promotion of skinny figures, but are not necessarily solely responsible, as it could be also be due to trends that occur in each individual society, for example at school, where it is more likely that a girl will be perceived better only because she looks thinner than one of her peers. Unfortunately there is no concrete proof that any of these factors are in any way responsible, let alone fully responsible, but at the same time there is also no solid proof that states that the modern media has an impact at all on eating disorders, as anorexia and bulimia are psychological diseases. CONCLUSION As I have shown, the problem of eating disorders among teenage girls in America is very complicated and there is no one particular factor that has influenced the spread of it. It is impossible to conclude that the modern media is for certain the blame for this spread. There is a strong cultural influence on these girls that pushes them to the point of starvation. It is now believed that society may be able to prevent the spread of eating disorders, by simply changing their eating habits. These changes could include teaching youngsters about the importance of their eating habits and the importance of having a balanced diet. They should also be taught about the ethnic differences in diet, which should not be taken lightly. Yet another strong influence on girls, especially younger ones, but not necessarily connected to the modern media as mentioned above are toy manufactures, which create unrealistic role models for young girls. Despite this, due to advertising, which is a type of moder n media, almost everything ranging from books to movies that are advertised automatically become a media influenced problem. Therefore I believe that it is safe to say that all of these factors are interdependent. And even though culture sets a certain way of living, when it is promoted by the media, it qualifies as part of the modern media sector. Following this train of thoughts it is hard to define precisely whether the media influences the spread of eating disorders, or is it just used as a way to pass on information. If this is the case it would be significant to determine what can be classed as media, and what should not be. The modern media, even though it is widely promoted through the use of advertising, television series, films or, the most significant of all, the Internet, it does not necessarily mean that they are the source of the information. In most cases the modern media are used as just a way to promote information, but are not in fact the direct cause of it, thus t he interdependence. If the modern media does not have as a significant impact as is considered, then American society should focus more on teenage girls and their welfare, and especially take care of them in a way that involves parents, as well as society, paying more attention to their development. According to The American Academy of Pediatrics current advice is that children should watch less than two hours of television a day and that parents should be involved during this time by monitoring what they are watching and later discussing and explaining the content to them. If this advise would be followed, then maybe the spread of eating disorders may be limited.  [14]   APPENDIX Questionnaire for English B Extended Essay: 1. Are you a. Female b. Male 2. Have you ever diet? a. If so, why? 3. How many times? a. once b. twice c. more than twice d. I am always on diet 4. Did you succeeded? Yes Not really Im in progress 5. Are you planning to get on a diet again? Yes No Maybe Responses: 1. Total number of female responses 170 2. 159 have already diet (93%); 11 did not (7%) In order to make it easier to analyze I have grouped answers to open question into 2 most significant groups: Girls felt they need to change 148 (Mostly because they felt fat or needed to fit their clothes) Did not have a reason 11 3. a. 23 (14,5%) b. 27 (17%) c. 78 (49%) d. 31 (19,5%) 4. a. 12 (7%) b. 44 (28%) c. 103 (65%) 5. a. 111 (70%) b. 6 (4%) c. 42 (26%)

Ethical Consumerism: The Local Food Company

Executive Summary The report aims to understand the concept of ethical consumerism, with the help of an organisation that operates ethically. The selected organisation is The Local Food Company in the UK. The Local food company is engaged in sourcing and delivery of fresh, local and organic food including fruits and vegetables (organic and non-organic), dairy, grocery baked products and household items. Firstly, the report will provide an introduction to ethical consumerism and ethical products. Secondly, the report will conduct a detailed analysis of The Local Food company ethical activities and its socially responsible business. Thirdly, findings from a short opinion survey based on consumer behaviour are presented, Lastly, the report will conclude with the key findings. 1. Introduction: Ethical consumerism Consumers are getting more informed with the help of Internet and this is influencing their buying decisions. According to many scholars, the idea of ethical consumerism rose from the end of the 20th century due to increased media and ability to access information, and better availability of products (Newholm and Shaw, 2007). Ethical consumers have political, spiritual, religious, environmental and social motives for purchasing one product over other options (Harrison et al., 2005). There are two types of purchase behaviour as stated by economists: traditional purchase behaviour and ethical purchase behaviour. People will normally buy the cheapest product but only if they are confident that the product is as good as slightly more costly options available (Beardshaw, 1992 cited in Harrison et al., 2005). This is known as traditional purchase behaviour. Sometimes, customers boycott a certain product or brand and opt for a fair labelled or environmental friendly product as they consider ethical means more important (Harrison et al., 2005). This type of behaviour is termed ethical purchase behaviour. An ethical consumer is not someone who is ignoring price and quality but is applying additional criteria when buying a certain product. Ethical consumerism can be defined as the degree to which the customers prioritise their own ethical concerns when making product choices (Shaw and Clarke, 1998). Ethical consumerism is linked with morality. According to Crane and Matte n (2005), morality is related to the norms, beliefs and values embedded in the social processes that aims to define right or wrong for an individual or society. Ethical consumers can boycott a product if they read something unethical about a brand or they can simply purchase products, which are ethically sourced or have ‘fair trade’ tag. Ethical consumers consider the impact of their act of personal consumption on the society and environment. They don’t purchase product that are harmful to environment and respect animal and human rights. For example: purchasing free-range eggs; boycotting products manufactured by child, forced labour or labours who are offered low wages. There are various products that fall into the ethical category are banking, cleaning, cosmetics & toiletries, dairy, energy finance, fashion, food, insurance, soft drinks, tea industry and travel. According to ethicalconsumer.org (2014), there are over 200 ethical products in different categories. for example, a washing machine to save water and energy, a cooker with the least environmental impact, baby bottle sterilizer and impact of plastic on environment; living wage of worker who manufacture clothes; materials use in shoes-pvc, leather, wool; purchasing a greener desktop computer; milk and animal welfare; low wages in banana industry; lead in lipstick; fair trade flowers; bio detergent for cleaner environment; green or eco insurance companies; mobile phone helping activists; human rights issues in constructing hotels, etc. 2. Review of an ethical organisation: The Local Food Company The Local food company is engaged in sourcing and delivery of fresh, local and organic food including fruits and vegetables (organic and non-organic), dairy, grocery baked products and household items (The Local Food Company, 2014a). The company aims to source majority of products from Devonshire and West Country. It is a family business operating for over 200 years in Devon. The company is based at farm shop, Countrymen’s Choice at Ivybridge. The company has provided an alternative to supermarket online services. Being a small producer, it is successful as an online retailer. The company has been awarded for its green practices and ethical means of working. It includes Internet retailer of the year in 2006 for the South West, Green business of the year in 2007 and greening Devon finalist in 2007 EDBI awards. The company has proved how to run a sustainable food business. The company states, â€Å"At The Local Food Company we believe in a fair deal for our customers, our suppl iers, the environment, animals and indeed for ourselves†. The Local Food Company claims to operate ethically. â€Å"The Local Food Company are a very green and ethical business; we believe right now we are the greenest place you will be able to purchase food from in the UK† (The Local Food Company, 2014a). In addition to ethical sourcing of product, a business is also regarded as socially responsible when it fulfil the needs and wants of different stakeholders such as customers, employees, suppliers and investors. Any businesses that incur ethical artefacts attract as well as retain investors, customers and employees. To formulate this aspect, we take into account the Local food company ethical trading policies (The Local Food Company, 2014b). In exercising business ethics aspect, the Local Food Company have registered all employees to trade unions and provided them with fair wages and equal treatment. The company is against child labour, deductions from wages as a disciplinary measure, forcing employees to work excessive hours and discrimination. In addition to this, the company has no tolerance to bribery, blackmailing and bullying aspects among the staff and the consumers (The Local Food Company, 2014b). The Local Food Company has improved working conditions for employees making it safe and hygienic, hence boosting the morale of employees as well as strengthening the bond between the company and consumers preferences based on the products they produce. In some areas, it also operates above the minimum standards required by law in terms of safety of employees, rewards and values. This shows that the company’s main motive is not just to earn profit but also consider their employees’ needs and wants. At Local Food Company, any member of the staff is free to view his or her sentiment and the company usually accepts the sentiment equally without racial prejudice as well as discrimination based on gender. It can be seen that the company works as a socially responsible business in terms of employmen t practices; different ethical policies of The Local Food company are clearly stated on the website. The Local food company also promotes and encourages suppliers to follow ethical guidelines. All suppliers signed up have an e logo next to their goods. Also, there is no restriction placed on suppliers. Suppliers are free to sell from anywhere, via any number of outlets to buyers. However, the company monitors supply chain standards for unethical practices. Direct suppliers are asked to sign the acknowledgement of key trading ethical practices (The Local food Company, 2014b). Then after 1 year of work together with supplier, The Local Food Company introduces self-assessment questionnaire to promote ethical practices. Then, the company visits supplier farms on a regular basis to gain understanding of suppliers’ operation. Payment is made on time and done on the basis of market price (The Local food Company, 2014b). In order to attract customers, the company presents their ethical achievements so that customers can make informed purchasing decisions. The company engages in publishing policies, detailed supplier and product information on their website. In the first two years of trading, the company publishes comprehensive ethical and social charter giving consumers the freedom to access information about ethically sourced products (The Local Food Company, 2014b). It is good to know that any company within business platform needs to set out ethical guidelines that in turns lead to less risk hence increasing sales output. Based on this point, The Local Food Company in array of business produces various products including Bakery, Dairy, Meat and fish, Fruit and Vegetables, Prepared Ready Meals, Groceries and Drinks and Household items. These products however, are produced based on the standards bureau and local organic food regulations. The company has to ensure that buyers as well as suppliers are free with no restrictions to buy and sell the products anywhere and across the country on any outlets. In this way, the company ethically gives the buyer and suppliers all rights to their preferences without an essence of restrictions. The company has been able to drive business risks through these corporate forms of business to maintain maximal sales profit as far as financial outcomes of the business is concerned (Beauchamp, 2004). The Local Food Company has played a bigger role in encouraging small producers to implement ethical practices. To ascertain the aspect of ethics, the company exercises the aspect of ‘go green’. The company ensures that all products unveiled to the consumers are in better conditions; with highest order of hygiene and that all materials used are environmental friendly. The company sells food with a low footprint in collection and delivery. They claim to have lowest carbon footprints of all the businesses in the UK (The Local Food Company, 2014c). The company encourages customers to but locally and regionally, and cut food miles. Foods are based on high animal standards and sustainable farming practices. The company provides written guidelines on the waste disposal and insists on recycling programme for the benefit of the consumers. They reduce, reuse, and recycle everything possible. 3. Short opinion survey: what influences consumer buying behaviour A short opinion survey was carried out from a sample of students at GSM London. Students were asked about the main factors that influences buying behaviour. Most of the students considered the location of the store as an important aspect when purchasing a product. One of the student stated, â€Å"I don’t like to travel much for a product and always looking for options available near my location such as Starbucks coffee shop that can be found anywhere†. Some students also considered that they avoid stores that are crowded. Students also considered reading online reviews before making a buying decision. A student said, â€Å"If I am planning to buy something, I always search online reviews, if majority of reviews are positive, I make a purchase without thinking of the brand†. Few students mentioned about ethical behaviour in purchasing. They stated that after reading about a brand in news about forced labour or child labour, they boycotted the brand. A group of st udents mentioned about Rana plaza disaster, which changed the way they purchased products. The disasters resulted in number of deaths and injuries. Consumers regarded this as a serious issue and didn’t purchase from clothing brands that were involved. Students are also influenced by news videos circulating in social media. One of them stated, â€Å"I was very much depressed when I saw Peta video of how Chinese worker were handling rabbits for getting angora wool; this video encouraged me to say no to angora wool†. 4. Conclusion An ethical consumer is the one who applies additional criteria when buying a product. They want to buy a fair-trade labelled or ethically sourced product. They consider the impact of their private consumption on society and environment. An ethical consumer simply boycotts product that are associated with child labour or other unethical activities. There are various products that come into ethical category such as food, clothing, insurance, energy, soft drink tea and finance. One of the companies that claim to be ethical is The Local Food Company, based in Devon in the UK. The company is engaged in selling of bakery products, dairy, meat & fish, fruits & vegetables and household items. The company has been awarded with many green awards. The company acts as a socially responsible organisation and aims to fulfil needs and wants of different stakeholders such as customers, suppliers and employees. Suppliers are encouraged by The Local Food Company to follow ethical procedures in product ion. They are given the liberty to sell their food via any number of outlets. They are paid on time and treated respectfully. Ethical policies clearly show that company is against child labour and excessive working. The employees are offered safe and hygienic working environment. For customers to choose wisely, the company has listed information on supplier standards and ethical practices on their website. With the development of Internet technology, customers are getting more informed about the products they use or consume. According to the opinion survey conducted, customers make their purchasing decision on the basis of online reviews, location of store and store environment. They also consider ethical factors when buying a certain product. They boycott a brand when they read something bad about a product or say no to product that are against human rights. 5. References Beauchamp, T. (2004) Case studies in business, society and ethics, 5th edition, Upper saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2005) Corporate citizenship: toward an extended theoretical conceptualization, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 30, Issue 1, p166- 179. Ethicalconsumer.org (2014) Product guides, Last accessed 23rd November 2014 at: http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/buyersguides.aspx Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D. (2005) The ethical consumer, 1st edition, Wiltshire: Sage. Newholm, T. and Shaw, D. (2007) Studying the ethical consumer: a review of research, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol.6, Issue 5, p253-270. Shaw, Deirdre S. and Ian Clarke, (1998) Culture, Consumption and Choice: Towards a Conceptual Relationship, Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, Vol. 22, Issue 3, p163-168. The Local Food Company (2014a) Welcome to the Local Food company, Last accessed 23rd November 2014 at: http://www.thelocalfoodcompany.co.uk/ The Local Food Company (2014b) Ethical Policy, Last accessed 24th November 2014 at: http://www.thelocalfoodcompany.co.uk/p/ethical-policy The Local Food Company (2014) Environmental issues, Last accessed 24th November 2014 at: http://www.thelocalfoodcompany.co.uk/p/about-us/about-environmental-issues

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